If you are learning Chinese, you may have come across two major proficiency tests: TOCFL (Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language) and HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi). Both tests measure Chinese language ability, but they serve different purposes and are recognized in different regions. TOCFL is primarily used in Taiwan, while HSK is accepted in Mainland China. If you plan to study, work, or live in either Taiwan or China, choosing the right test is crucial. In this guide, we’ll compare TOCFL and HSK in detail to help you decide which test suits you best.
TOCFL vs. HSK: What Do They Test?
Both TOCFL and HSK assess a test-taker’s ability to read, write, listen, and (at advanced levels) speak Chinese. However, there are some key differences in what they focus on.
- HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi): The HSK exam is designed for learners of Simplified Chinese, which is used in Mainland China. It tests listening, reading, and writing at all levels, and speaking is included in a separate HSKK test. The vocabulary and grammar are based on Mandarin Chinese as used in China.
- TOCFL (Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language): TOCFL is designed for learners of Traditional Chinese, which is used in Taiwan. The test covers listening and reading in the standard version, while writing and speaking are optional. Unlike HSK, TOCFL follows language use common in Taiwan and includes vocabulary and grammar specific to the region.
Who Should Take TOCFL? Who Should Take HSK?
The choice between TOCFL and HSK depends on your goals:
- Take TOCFL if:
- You plan to study or work in Taiwan.
- You want to master Traditional Chinese characters.
- You need certification for Taiwanese residency or scholarships.
- You are learning Taiwanese Mandarin, which has slight differences from Mainland Chinese.
- Take HSK if:
- You plan to study or work in Mainland China.
- You want to learn Simplified Chinese characters.
- You need HSK certification for China’s university admission or work permits.
- You are preparing for international business or job opportunities in China.
Levels: TOCFL and HSK Compared
Both tests have different structures when it comes to difficulty levels. Here’s how they compare:
TOCFL Levels Explained
TOCFL is divided into four broad levels, but these are further broken down:
- Band A (Basic Levels 1 & 2): Equivalent to beginner (A1-A2 in CEFR). Covers everyday conversations.
- Band B (Intermediate Levels 3 & 4): Equivalent to intermediate (B1-B2 in CEFR). Requires understanding more complex texts.
- Band C (Advanced Levels 5 & 6): Equivalent to advanced (C1-C2 in CEFR). Focuses on professional and academic Chinese.
- Fluency Test: An additional test designed for near-native proficiency.
HSK Levels Explained
The old HSK system had six levels, but the new HSK (since 2021) is being expanded to nine levels:
- HSK 1-3 (Beginner): Basic words and phrases.
- HSK 4-5 (Intermediate): Can handle more complex conversations.
- HSK 6-9 (Advanced): Can read long texts and speak fluently.
Which Levels Are Easier or Harder?
- HSK used to be considered easier because it required fewer vocabulary words.
- The new HSK system, especially HSK 7-9, is much harder.
- TOCFL has fewer levels but requires a strong grasp of Traditional Chinese, which can be harder for learners used to Simplified Chinese.
TOCFL vs. HSK: Test Format and Structure
While both tests assess reading and listening skills, their formats are different:
- HSK:
- Multiple-choice questions for listening and reading.
- Writing sections start from HSK 3.
- Speaking requires a separate test (HSKK).
- Computer-based and paper-based formats available.
- TOCFL:
- Listening and reading only (writing and speaking are optional).
- Uses Traditional Chinese.
- Computer-based and paper-based formats.
Which Test Is More Useful for Study or Work?
- If you want to study in Mainland China, HSK is the better choice. Most Chinese universities require HSK 4 or 5 for admission.
- If you want to study in Taiwan, TOCFL is required for Taiwanese university applications.
- For work, many companies in China and Taiwan accept both tests, but HSK is more recognized internationally, while TOCFL is mainly for Taiwan.
HSK for China: Where It’s Accepted?
HSK is widely recognized in China and internationally:
- Universities in China require HSK for foreign students.
- Work visas and jobs in China often require HSK 4 or higher.
- Confucius Institutes worldwide offer HSK preparation.
- International companies with offices in China may ask for HSK certification.
TOCFL for Taiwan: Who Accepts It?
- Taiwanese universities require TOCFL for international students.
- Taiwan’s government offers scholarships based on TOCFL scores.
- Work permits and visas in Taiwan may require TOCFL.
Vocabulary Differences: TOCFL vs. HSK
- HSK uses Simplified Chinese characters, while TOCFL uses Traditional Chinese characters.
- Some vocabulary differs because Taiwan and China have different word choices for everyday things.
Grammar and Writing: Which Test Is Harder?
- HSK has more grammar-focused sections, especially in writing.
- TOCFL doesn’t have mandatory writing, making it easier in that aspect.
- If you struggle with writing Chinese characters, TOCFL may be slightly easier.
TOCFL vs. HSK: Which One Should You Take?
- If you are focusing on Taiwan, take TOCFL.
- If you are focusing on Mainland China, take HSK.
- If you want an easier test, TOCFL might be better because writing is optional.
- If you want a widely recognized certificate, HSK is the best option.
The Bottom Line
Both TOCFL and HSK are excellent tests for proving Chinese proficiency, but they serve different purposes. If you want to study or work in China, go for HSK. If you’re interested in Taiwan, TOCFL is the way to go. Choose based on your career and education goals, and start preparing for the test that aligns with your plans.
